OVERVIEW OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS RISK FACTORS IN INDONESIA: AN ANALYSIS OF BASIC HEALTH RESEARCH DATA

Mugi Wahidin1,2,3, Anhari Achadi4, Nikson Sitorus2 and Rini Handayani3

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the third cause of death in Indonesia in 2019 and it becomes national and international concern. Analysis of district data of DM which could complement individual data analysis is still limited. This district data analysis will add existing information about the disease at different level. This study aimed to describe DM prevalence in Indonesia as well as the factors associated with it at district level. The study was a cross-sectional study involving descriptive, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis. This study used secondary data from Basic Health Research Data, Ministry of Health 2007, 2013, and 2018. A set of data, consisting 504 out of 514 districts with total 713,783 samples, included prevalence of DM and ten risk factors. By district, the average prevalence for DM was 1.82%, overweight 13.17%, obesity 20.53%, central obesity 30.10%, sweet food consumption 39.02%, sweet beverage consumption 59.68%, fatty food consumption 32.80%, lack of fruit and vegetable consumption 94.77%, lack of physical activity 33.29%, smoking 28.35%, and hypertension 30.81%. From 2007 to 2018, DM prevalence increased by 1.14%, fatty food consumption 25.29%, and obesity 11.61%. In multivariate analysis, factors that significantly associated with DM prevalence were obesity (p<0.001; B 0.041), central obesity (p<0.001; B 0.047), sweet food consumption (p<0.001; B -0.013), sweet beverage consumption (p=0.005; B 0.010), fatty food consumption (p<0.001; B 0.014), and smoking (p<0.001; B -0.037). Efforts on DM risk factors control, especially for obesity and central obesity, should be strengthened. Future research involving multilevel analysis is needed.