FACTOR RELATED TO DEPRESSION AMONG ELDERLY IN URBAN RURAL AREAS IN INDONESIA

Abstract

The increase in life expectancy is in line with the increase in the elderly population. In line with increasing age, the elderly will experience physical disorders, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and are associated with mental disorders. This study aimed to analyze the factor related to depression among elderly in urban rural areas in Indonesia. The study analyzed the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. A total of 82,304 elderly were included in this study. The dependent variable was depression. The independent variables were age, gender, education, occupation, economic status, bronchial asthma, cancer, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and chronic kidney failure. Binary logistic regression was used for data analysis. The results showed that while elderly aged 80 years in rural areas had a depression risk of 1.232 times (odd ratio (OR) = 1.232; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.057-1.436, p= 0.007) higher than the 60-69 years age group while depression in elderly living urban areas was not related to age. Women in urban area had a depression risk of 1.253 times higher than men and that of women in rural area was 1.224 times. College students in urban areas had a depression risk of 0.221 times than those who did not attend school. Farmers in urban area had a depression chance of 0.682 times than those who did not work while it was 0.741 times for farmers in rural area. The richest people in urban areas were at a depression risk of 0.702 times than the poorest. Elderly with NCDs had higher depression risk than those with no NCDs and higher in rural areas than urban areas, with stroke contributes 2.929 times, cancer at 2.210 times, diabetes mellitus (DM) at 1.792 times, and heart disease at 1.564 times. In comparison, in urban areas hypertension contributes a depression risk of 1.239, and bronchial asthma at 2.404 times higher than in rural areas. There are differences in sociodemographic factors associated with depression among the elderly in urban and rural areas.