SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND LIFESTYLE-RELATED RISK FACTORS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: TARGETED TO PREVENTION

Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Medan City remains high. To ensure diabetic control, it is necessary to identify factors associated with disease occurrence. This study aimed to determine the influence of sociodemographics and lifestyle on the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. An unmatched case-control study was conducted among 100 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 100 individuals without diabetes mellitus who were purposively selected from six health facilities in Medan City. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires, and measurements were performed. Data were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression. This study revealed that the majority of individuals with diabetes mellitus were 45 years or older (87%), had an average length of diabetes (Mean±standard deviation (SD)) = 2.73±4.42 years, being female (69%), had low education (52%), had a low income (75%), had a family history of diabetes (36%), had a high-risk waist-hip ratio (83%), had high diastolic blood pressure (70%), being overweight and obese (60%), smoked (23%), lacked physical activity (79%), frequently consumed sweetened foods/drinks (69%) and consumed fewer vegetables and fruits (56%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a high-risk waist-hip ratio (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-7.30), frequent consumption of sweetened foods/drinks aOR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.00-3.39), lack of physical activity (aOR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.12-2.79), and high diastolic blood pressure (aOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.04-2.09) were contributing factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. These results can be targeted for type 2 diabetes prevention and interventions by intensifying community-based health education programs about healthy behaviors.