ASSOCIATION OF MACRONUTRIENT AND MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE, AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS WITH SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN ELDERLY

Abstract

WHO data shows that people with hypertension in the world in 2021 are estimated to reach 29.2%.  The Health Profile of East Java in 2020 shows the proportion of hypertension in male was 48.83% male and in female was 51.17%.  Several studies have showed that change in blood pressure can be caused by several factors such as excess intake of macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, and fat), imbalanced intake of micronutrients (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium), as well as nutritional status.  The purpose of this study was to determine the association between intake of macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates), micronutrients (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) and nutritional status with systolic blood pressure in the older people in Probolinggo Regency, East Java.  This research method was cross-sectional observational study.  The number of samples in this study were 110 elderly people who were recruited using the simple random sampling technique.  The bivariate test used was Spearman’s rank correlation.  The results showed a positive association between sodium intake with systolic blood pressure (p=0.010; r=0.776) and negative association between calcium intake with systolic blood pressure in the older people (p=0.030; r=-0.207).  However, there was no association between carbohydrate intake (p=0.258), protein intake (p=0.125), fat intake (p=0.296), potassium intake (p=0.760), magnesium intake (p=0.226), and nutritional status (p=0.967) with systolic blood pressure in the older people.  We concluded elderly people should maintain a diet that was a source of carbohydrates, protein, fat, and maintain an appropriate diet for micronutrients such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium to maintain blood pressure.