EVALUATION OF MALARIA RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS IN MADINAH, SAUDI ARABIA

Majed H Wakid1,2 and Ziab Z Alahmadey3

Abstract

Malaria is a parasitic disease causing high morbidity and mortality in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Determination of malaria parasitemia level is essential for estimating severity of the disease. Detection of malaria in endemic regions using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been widely adopted. The study evaluated prevalence of Plasmodium spp. in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, determined parasite density and assessed diagnostic accuracy of RDTs. One hundred EDTA blood samples were collected from patients presenting fever or a recent history of fever and examined microscopically in parallel with two RDTs (OptiMAL-IT and AMP). Malaria was microscopically confirmed in 20% of the samples, with Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax detected in 13 and 7% respectively and no mixed infection. Mean parasite density for P. falciparum and P. vivax was 6,357 and 5,660 parasites/µl respectively. Sensitivity of AMP and OptiMAL-IT tests was 85 and 80% respectively, and 100% specificity for both tests. In conclusion, diagnostic performance of the two RDTs were satisfactory with AMP having a slightly higher sensitivity than OptiMAL-IT test, but both RTDs were still inferior compared to microscopic examination.