INTEGRATED RESPONSE TO HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM RIVER POLLUTION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH PROTECTION

Abstract

An analysis of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), pollution in river ecosystems was carried out using the Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) framework to identify key drivers, pressures, water quality decline, and the resulting environmental, health, and socio-economic impacts.  The DPSIR approach effectively highlights the interconnections between these elements and supports pollution prevention and water quality management efforts in the Opak River.  Cr(VI) contamination is primarily driven by economic and political pressures, weak regulations, and overlapping institutional authority.  The discharge of untreated Cr(VI)-containing waste leads to serious ecological degradation, health risks, and socio-economic challenges, threatening community well-being and business sustainability.  Addressing this issue requires a comprehensive strategy that includes clear policy formulation and enforcement, improved river ecosystem management, institutional coordination, and enhanced community awareness and capacity building to promote long-term sustainability and protect public health and the environment.